Experimental Modern and Quantum Physics for Do-It-Yourself Science Enthusiasts 

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Type I Downconversion Beta-Barium-Borate (BBO) Crystal Array for diy Entangled Photon Source

Photop BBO crystal array for diy entangled photon sourceOur diy entangled-photon source, shown in the book’s Figure 142,  uses two BBO crystals that support type I down-conversion that are mounted according to a design by Paul Kwiat and his colleagues at the Los Alamos National Laboratory.

The nonlinear crystal in our photon entangler comprises two 5 mm x 5 mm x 0.1 mm BBO crystals mounted face-to-face at an angle of 90 degrees to each other. As shown in the book’s Figure 140, pump photons polarized at 45 degrees produce two cones of entangled down-converted photons.

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405 nm Pump Laser for diy Entangled Photon Source

405 nm UV pump laser used in diy entangled photon source

This is the 405 nm pump laser used in the circuit shown in the book’s Figure 141.   The laser is built from a Blu Ray disk burner laser diode.  We drive the laser diode with 160 mA to produce around 100 mW of 405-nm polarized light.  The laser diode is capable of producing 250 mW, but we prefer to drive it much more conservatively. Read more…

 
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diy PMT Pulse Processor Suitable For Use With “Pulse Recorder and Analyser (PRA)” MCA

diy Photomultiplier Processor

Figure 34 in the book shows the schematic diagram for the photomultiplier tube (PMT) signal processing circuit that amplifies the narrow pulses detected by the PMT probe.  The discriminator stage removes small pulses produced by thermal noise in the tube.  A pulse stretcher outputs pulses that can be heard on a speaker.  In addition, the analog output is suitable for use with a sound-card-based multichannel pulse-height analyzer (MCA). Read more…

 
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diy Low-Cost, Regulated, Variable, Low-Ripple High-Voltage (2kV) Photomultiplier Tube Power Supply

diy Low-cost, regulated, variable-output photomultiplier power supply

The book’s Figure 32 shows the schematic diagram for a low-cost, variable-voltage PMT power supply based on a BXA-12579 inverter module that is originally designed as a power supply for cold-cathode fluorescent lamps.  This under-$20 module produces 1,500VAC at around 30kHz from a 12VDC input.

We are posting this picture to help you build your own power supply.  It shows the BXA-12579 that has been modified as described in the book.   The op-amp to the right of the CCFL module is used to control the voltage supplied to the module.  The high-voltage AC output of the inverter is rectified and doubled and filtered by the diodes and capacitors at the left of the CCFL module. Read more…

 
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Beam Diagram for Entangled-Photon Source

diy Entangled photon source described in the book  "Exploring Quantum Physics through Hands-On Experiments" by David Prutchi Ph.D. and Shanni R. Prutchi

This picture supplements Figure 148 in the book.  The colors should help you visualize the paths of the beams in our entangled-photon source:  Violet – 405 nm pump laser beam; Pink – 810 nm signal and idler entangled-photon beams.  A detailed schematic diagram for the entangler is available in the book’s Figure 147.  Figure 149 shows the 405 nm beamstop. Read more…

 
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RCA 6655A PMT Data Sheet

RCA 6655A photomultiplier tube

This is the datasheet for the RCA 6655A PMT used in the probe shown in the book’s Figure 30: RCA_6655A_Datasheet

This is the datasheet for Hamamatsu’s replacement of the RCA 6655A PMT: Hamamatsu replacement for RCA 6655A R2154-02

Schematic diagrams for the probe are in Figure 29.

 
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Assembly View of diy Variable-Output, High-Performance PMT High-Voltage Power Supply

Variable-output, low-ripple, high-stability, high-voltage power supply described in pages 38-40 of "Exploring Quantum Physics Through Hands-On Projects."

We are posting this picture to help you construct the variable-output, low-ripple, high-stability, high-voltage power supply described in pages 38-40 of “Exploring Quantum Physics Through Hands-On Projects.”  The schematic diagrams for this power supply are in the book’s Figure 31.  Output voltage (up to 2 kV) and current (up to 1 mA) are monitored via two LCD panel meters. Read more…

 
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Compton Scattering Experiment Using Spectrum Techniques’ Equipment

Observing Compton Scattering Using the Spectrum Techniques UCS-20 MCA

Spectrum Techniques of Oak Ridge, TN - a top supplier of Exempt Quantity radioisotope sources and nuclear measurement instrumentation – released today our tutorial:

“Experiment Note: Exploring Compton Scattering Using the Spectrum Techniques Universal Computer Spectrometer” Read more…

 
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quTools quED Entanglement Demonstrator

quTools' quED quantum entanglement demonstrator system
Image Credit: quTools

quTools of München, Germany is the maker of the quED quantum entangled state demonstrator system to generate and analyze polarization entangled photons.  This system is a professionally-manufactured version of the type of entangled-photon generator used by many universities, and similar to the diy version described in Chapter 8 of our book (Figure 148).

quED employs a spontaneous parametric down conversion process (type I or type II; collinear or non-collinear) to generate polarization entangled photon pairs. Fiber-coupled single photon detectors in connection with polarizing filters are used to detect the photon pairs, analyze their polarizations and verify their non-classical correlations. Read more…

 
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ALPhA’s Single Photon Detector Group Order for Educational Institutions

Excelitas Perkin-Elmer Single Photon Counting ModuleALPhA (Advanced Laboratory Physics Association) has worked out a deal with Excelitas to sell Single-Photon Counting Modules (SPCMs) to instructional labs.  The detectors carry labels specifying that these units belong in the undergraduate instructional labs and not in research labs. These educational detectors have reduced specs, notably a higher background dark count rate, compared to other models from the company.

The set of four SPCMs can be purchased for $5,720 (instead of the usual ~$10k). Read more…

 
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Actively-Quenched SPAD SPCM Student Design Project

diy Single-Photon Counting Module designed by students at University of Illinois

Image Credit: Oliver Jan and Phil Makotyn

In 2006, then-students Oliver Jan and Phil Makotyn from University of Illinois (at Professor Paul Kwiat’s lab) developed an actively-quenched Single-Photon Counting Module (SPCM) based on the Perkin-Elmer C30902S-DTC Single-Photon Avalanche Photodiode (SPAD). Read more…

 
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β-Particle Magnetic Deflection Experiment – Supplementary Pictures

β-Particle Magnetic Deflection Experiment

The book’s Figure 65 shows our β-particle magnetic deflection setup.  It consists of a 90Sr disc source of beta particles, two copper washers to collimate the beam, and GM tubes placed at 0º and 90º to the β-particle beam. A sufficiently strong magnetic field (around 800 Gauss = 0.08 Tesla) provided by a permanent magnet bends the beam so much that it is easily detected at a right angle (notice the meter needles in the pictures above).

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Attenuation of Alpha, Beta and Gamma Radiation in Air

 Measurement of alpha, beta, and gamma radiation by air as a function of distance

The attenuation of radiation as a function of distance can be measured using a radiation counter with a Geiger-Müller tube that is sensitive to α, β, and γ radiation.  We used exempt plastic-disc sources containing Polonium 210 (210Po), Strontium 90 (90Sr), and Cobalt 60 (60Co) to experiment with the penetrating power of α, β, and γ radiation in air.  Read more…

 
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Color Spectrograph Using Spectrometer of Figure 80

Color spectrographs using the spectrometer described by Prutchi in "Exloring Quantum Physics Through Hands-On Projects"

These two images supplement the book’s Figure 81.  They were taken with the spectrometer of Figure 80.

 
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Our New Photomultiplier :)

A very funny cartoon by Prof. Dr. Claus Grupen of Siegen University:

Funny physics photomultiplier cartoon by Prof. Claus Grupen

 

 
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